What are coliform bacteria used for in water testing?

Coliform bacteria serve as an important indicator in water testing, particularly in assessing the potential quality of the water supply. The presence of coliforms, which include a broad group of bacteria found in the environment, indicates that the water may be contaminated with fecal material from humans or animals. This contamination could suggest that pathogens and diseases could also be present, posing health risks to consumers.

Coliform testing is often part of routine monitoring in water treatment systems and helps signal the effectiveness of water treatment processes. It is not used to measure chemical contaminants, analyze physical characteristics, or purify drinking water directly. Rather, it acts as a warning system, prompting further investigation and potential remedial action to protect public health. Thus, using coliforms as indicators is a crucial aspect of managing water quality and ensuring safe drinking water.