What are the main sources of potable water?

The main sources of potable water consist of surface water and groundwater due to their extensive natural availability and utilization for drinking purposes. Surface water includes lakes, rivers, and reservoirs, which are vital reservoirs of fresh water that can be used directly, treated, or combined with other sources to meet potable water standards. Groundwater originates from rain and snow that permeates the soil, filling underground aquifers, which serve as a crucial backup or primary source for many communities dependent on well systems.

The variety and reliability of these two sources make them the most significant for drinking purposes globally. They are typically treated to ensure safety and meet health regulations, making them suitable for human consumption.

In contrast, desalination and rainwater harvesting, while valid methods to obtain potable water, are not the primary sources in many regions. Atmospheric water generators and bottled water are often supplementary or alternative solutions rather than fundamental sources. Groundwater is important, but focusing solely on that would overlook the critical contributions from surface water. Thus, surface water and groundwater comprehensively represent the main sources of potable water.