What is a septic system?

A septic system is defined as an on-site wastewater treatment system that utilizes a tank and a drain field to treat and dispose of household wastewater. This system is often used in rural or suburban areas where connection to a centralized sewer system is not feasible.

The septic tank serves as the primary treatment component, where solids settle at the bottom and undergo anaerobic digestion, while the liquid effluent flows out into the drain field. The drain field, also known as a leach field, consists of perforated pipes buried in gravel trenches, allowing the treated effluent to percolate through the soil, which further filters out impurities and pathogens.

This option highlights the primary function and components of a septic system, clarifying its role in wastewater management at an individual household level, distinct from centralized treatment facilities or methods for stormwater or drinking water purification.