What is the process known as quiescent settling in water bodies without additives called?

The process known as quiescent settling in water bodies without additives is referred to as plain sedimentation. This process occurs when water is allowed to remain undisturbed, allowing suspended solids to settle to the bottom due to gravity. During plain sedimentation, there are no chemicals or additives introduced to facilitate the separation of solids from liquids; instead, it relies purely on the physical process of settling.

In environments such as sedimentation tanks or natural water bodies, this method is efficient for clarifying water by allowing particulates, such as silt and sediment, to settle out. The effectiveness of plain sedimentation can depend on several factors, including the size and density of the particles suspended in the water, the flow rate, and the time allowed for settling.

Other approaches listed in the answer choices involve additional processes or materials. For example, filtration typically includes physical barriers to remove particles and requires the use of filter media. Chemical coagulation involves adding chemicals to agglomerate particles, making them larger and easier to settle. Micron filtration uses specific pore sizes to filter out bacteria and other microorganisms but also requires a mechanical method to achieve the separation of particles. Hence, plain sedimentation is distinct because it is a natural process that does not utilize chemical treatments or